Learning to Be Monitored: Causal Bounds and Intervention-Aware Post-Training Recipes for Chain-of-Thought Monitorability

Overview

arXiv:2610.31733v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Chain-of-thought (CoT) monitoring aims to detect potentially harmful behaviors in large language models (LLMs) from their CoTs. Intervention-based evaluations measure this property by asking whether a monitor can detect the role of an intervention from the CoT when the targeted behavior occurs, typically using minimal-criterion sensitivity ($\mathsf{TPR_{mc}}$) proposed by~\citep{guan2025monitoring}. However, a target behavior observed under interv

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